Minggu, 25 September 2011
SEJARAH KOMPUTER
1) GENERASI PERTAMA (1940-1959)
Komputer dihasilkan adalah elektronik sepenuhnya. Saiznya agak besar (hampir menyamai sebuah bilik tidur) dan dikategorikan kepada Kerangka Utama (Mainframe), la menggunakan tiub vakum untuk memproses dan menyimpan maklumat. Tiub vakum berukuran seperti mentol lampu kecil yang cepat panas dan mudah terbakar. Jumlah tiub vakum yang diperlukan amat banyak agar tidak menjejaskan keupayaan komputer. la juga menggunakan tenaga elektrik dengan banyak.
Pada tahun 1946, menyaksikan komputer elektronik sepenuhnya direka oleh Dr. John Mauchly dan Prosper Eckert telah mencipta ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator And Calculator). ENIAC mengambil ruang sebanyak 140 meter persegi, berat 30 ton, menggunakan 130 kilowatt tenaga dan 1800 tiub vakum. Ingatannya disimpan diluar dengan menggunakan suiz dan wayar. la berupaya melakukan 5000 pencampuran dan 300 pendaraban sesaat. la dikendalikan oleh hanya jurutera terlatih. John Von Neumann akhirnya mencadangkan penggunaan Konsep Aturcara Tersimpan iaitu komputer menyimpan ingatan di dalam storan utama. la menggunakan nombor binari.
Dr. John Mauchly dan Prosper Eckert sekali lagi mencipta EDVAC (Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer) yang mengurangkan penggunaan tiub vakum. la lebih cekap dari ENIAC dan menggunakan Konsep Aturcara Tersimpan. EDSAC (Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator) yang menggunakan raksa dan tiub vakum untuk menyimpan ingatan telah dicipta. UNIVAC1 (Universal Automatik Calculator) ciptaan Dr. John Mauchly dan Prosper Eckert mula dikeluarkan pada tahun 1951 adalah komputer pertama yang digunakan untuk memproses data perniagaan. la juga menggunakan raksa untuk storan.
2) GENERASI KEDUA (1959-1964)
Transistor dan diod digunakan bagi menggantikan tiub vakum walaupun ia mudah terbakar. Cara baru untuk menyimpan ingatan iaitu Teras Magnetik diperkenalkan. la menggunakan besi-besi halus yang dililit oleh litar elektrik. Keupayaannya memproses lebih besar. la mula menggunakan bahasa pengaturcaraan peringkat tinggi iaitu FOTRAN(1954) dan COBOL(1959) bagi menggantikan bahasa mesin. Minikomputer dihasilkan. la lebih murah dan lebih kecil berbanding dengan Kerangka Utama. la digunakan bagi tujuan memproses data perniagaan, universiti selain di bidang ketenteraan. (Contoh : DEC PDP-8, IBM 7090 dan IBM 7094)
3) GENERASI KETIGA (1964-1980)
la bermula apabila IBM (Internatinal Business Machine) memperkenalkan Sistem/360 iaitu Kerangka Utama yang mengandungi alatan-alatan yang lengkap bagi memenuhi semua keperluan pengaturcaraan pada masa tersebut.Sistem/360 memperkenalkan ciri baru Sistem Pengoperasian iaitu Konsep Perkongsian Masa. Sistem ini adalah satu kumpulan aturcara yang mengurus dan menyelaras keseluruhan operasi komputer, la memudahkan penggunaan komputer. Disimpan secara kekal dalam Ingatan Utama (ROM) komputer atau storan sekunder.
Konsep ini membenarkan penggunaan banyak stesen secara berasaingan dan dikawal oleh Sistem Induk dimana pemprosesan boleh dilakukan serentak pada sesuatu masa walaupun stesen yang lain digunakan. Supercomputer seperti Cray-1 diperkenalkan bagi mengkaji cuaca dan alam semulajadi.
4) GENERASI KEEMPAT (1980-sekarang)
Penyelidikan microelektronik telah berjaya menghasilkan Litar Bersepadu/Terkamir atau Cip dimana beribu transistor dipadatkan didalam kepingan empat segi silikon melalui proses Pengamiran Skala Besar (Large Scale Integration). Cip mula menggantikan transistor sebagai bahan logik komputer. MicroKomputer merupakan yang terkecil didalam keluarga komputer digital mula dinasilkan seperti Apple II, IBM PC, NEC PC dan Sinclair.
Bahasa pengaturcaraan BASIC, Pascal, PL/1 C dan Logo mula digunakan. Kebanyakan komputer dibekalkan dengan bahasa secara "bina-dalam" di dalam ROM untuk bahasa BASIC. Bahasa ini merupakan bahasa yang paling popular untuk microkompuler. Perisian tambahan juga diperkenalkan bagi membantu penyelesaian masalah. Laptop, Notebook, Handheld dan Palmtop diperkenalkan. la lebih kecil dari Microkomputer serta mudah dibawa ke mana-mana. Internet iaitu Sistem Rangkaian yang luas menggunakan protokol TCP/IP diperkenalkan sebagai rangkaian perkongsian maklumat secara global. (Processor 6086,80286, 80386,80486, Pentium, Celeron, Pentium II, Pentium 111 dan Pentium 4)
COMPUTER HISTORY
1) FIRST GENERATION (1940-1959)
Computer generated is fully electronic. Saiznya rather large (almost equal to a sleeping chamber) and categorized the Primary Framework (Mainframe), he uses a vacuum tiub to process and store the edict. Tiub sized vacuum such as menthol lights quick little heat and flammable. The amount of vacuum necessary tiub very much in order not menjejaskan keupayaan computer. He also uses a lot of electric power. In 1946, electronic computers are fully cooked witnessed by Dr. Prosper Eckert and John Mauchly had created the ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator And Calculator). ENIAC took the space of 140 square feet, weighs 30 tons, using 130 kilowatts of power and 1800 tiub vacuum. His memory is stored outside by using suiz and wiring. She was trying to do the mixing and 300 pendaraban 5000 shortly. He is controlled by only trained Engineers. John Von Neumann eventually stoke Aturcara Saved namely the use of concept computers store memory in the main storan. He uses nombor binaries. Dr. Prosper Eckert and John Mauchly once again create EDVAC (Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer) which reduce the use of vacuum tiub. He was more cekap of the ENIAC and using Saved Aturcara concept. EDSAC (Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator), which uses mercury and tiub vacuum has been created for storing memories. UNIVAC1 (Universal Calculator automatic) creation of Dr.. Prosper Eckert and John Mauchly initially issued in 1951 was the first computer used to process commercial data. He also uses mercury to storan.
2) SECOND GENERATION (1959-1964)
Transistors and diod used to replace the vacuum tiub although it is flammable. A new way to store memories namely Terrace Magnetic introduced. He uses delicate ironwork ridden by litar electrically. Keupayaannya process much larger. He first uses a high ranking namely pengaturcaraan language Fortran (1954) and COBOL (1959) to replace the machine language. Produced minicomputer. It is cheaper and smaller compared with the Main Framework. He used for commercial data processing purposes, Universiti ketenteraan than in the field. (Example: DEC PDP-8, IBM 7090 and IBM 7094)
3) THIRD GENERATION (1964-1980)
He started when IBM (Internatinal Business Machines) introduced the Primary Framework Sistem/360 namely that contain adequate equipment to complete the equipment to meet expenses during tersebut.Sistem/360 pengaturcaraan introduce a new feature of the Operating System Concepts namely partnership period. This system is a collection of the care and menyelaras aturcara overall operation of the computer, he allows the use of computers. Stored eternally in the Main Memory (ROM) or storan secondary computer. This concept justifies the usage of many stesen berasaingan and escorted by the Master system in which processing may be performed simultaneously on something stesen although the others are used. Supercomputers like the Cray-1 was introduced to assess the weather and nature semulajadi.
4) FOURTH GENERATION (1980-present)
Microelektronik investigation has triumphed produce Litar Bersepadu / Terkamir or Cip where thousands of transistors squeezed onto four pieces in terms of silicon through a process Pengamiran Large-Scale (Large Scale Integration). First chip to replace the transistor as a computer logic. MicroKomputer is the smallest in the family dinasilkan early digital computers such as the Apple II, IBM PC, NEC PC and Sinclair. Pengaturcaraan language BASIC, Pascal, PL / 1 C and logo first used. Most computer languages flyer with a "building-in" at the ROM for BASIC language. This language is the most popular language for microkompuler. Additional Perisian also introduced to help resolve the problem. Laptops, Notebooks, Handheld and Palmtop introduced. He was smaller than Microkomputer and easy to carry everywhere. Internet namely a broad range of systems using TCP / IP was introduced as a series of edicts global partnership. (Processor 6086.80286, 80386.80486, Pentium, Celeron, Pentium II, Pentium 111 and Pentium 4)
Jumat, 03 Juni 2011
Fenomena Hewan Hidup di Dalam Batu (Mystery Animals That Live In She Stone)
Mystery Animals That Live In She Stone
This phenomenon is unique and truly extraordinary has long been a mystery that is difficult to explain by experts, that is a story about small animals like frogs and lizards that are found wrapped / trapped in a hard rock alive. This phenomenon actually occurred and has been widely reported since the 18th century.
Various questions arise from the phenomenon that is felt no sense of this. But that is not exhausted to think, how how do these animals get into the rock? and how they survive the narrow space between the hard rock that is very difficult to penetrate the air? What do they eat there? Of course my friends know the types of igneous rocks (Igneous Rocks), such as granite, obisidian, etc? Well, in general, the cases "be imprisoned him" the frog and lizard is often found in rocks of that type.
A frog who allegedly found inside a stone fire in 1899Throughout the 19th century to early 20th-century reports on the discovery of frogs and lizards are found trapped in rocks so much.
In 1821, Magazine Tilloch Philosopical lift an article about a stone mason named David Virtue who made an astonishing discovery. He found a lizard that dwells in a hard rock that has just broke. Is he saying such as lizards etched in the rocks there until the body patterning. Interestingly, after the suspect dead, after a moment after removed the lizard show signs of life and moments later he was able to run.
Later in the year 1899, a frog is also found in a stone quarry fire by some employees in the UK. During World War II, several British soldiers who frequently use explosives to create a kind of trench also often find some frogs and lizards that dwells in some rocks which split due to the explosion.
But not only in igneous rocks are the actual phenomena can be found, in 1910 also found a frog inside a piece of coal, several other cases were also found dijenis limestone. I do not know how to explain this phenomenon. Probably there are comrades who want to theorize?
Rabu, 01 Juni 2011
Okiku Doll, Rambutnya Memanjang Sendiri
OKIKU DOLL
Okiku Doll Doll from Japan, this doll is still a mystery, because the hair continues to elongate, unlike other puppets. After investigation by forensic experts, the doll's hair turned out really Okiku real hair 10 year olds! Not the artificial hair that is usually used for doll (How?)
Beginning on August 15, 1918 a young man of 17 years named Eikichi Suzuki buy traditional doll 40cm tall (16 in.) with black-edged kimono eyes beady and has thick black hair to her brother who was 2 years old, Okiku Suzuki, in Taisho Expo which is located in Sapporo.
Suzuki Okiku really like dolls dressed in kimono, and a friend play all the time, until one day Okiku died of fever. Then at his funeral, the family would like to include the doll into a coffin, but somehow they forgot. Girl's family then put the doll on the altar of the house and pray for each day in order to commemorate Okiku.
On August 16, 1938 the family moved to Sakhalin Suzuki Kikuko (small city in Japan), before leaving they asked council Mannen-ji Buddhist temple in the prefecture of Hokkaido to keep Kikuko doll. Priest in the Temple, confirmed that the doll's hair continues to elongate, although it continues to cut it regularly, but the hair continues to elongate.
After the war ended, the family returned to the temple for pilgrimage. And they began to realize that the doll's hair has been elongated to reach the knee. However, before the last one left at the temple Okiku dolls, doll's hair was very short (like a bob cut.) The family eventually ask the monks to pray for the soul of the doll. And the doll was named Okiku.
Since that day, Mannen-ji temple held a hair-cutting ceremony for Okiku each of 21 in certain months. And the ceremony was still going on until now.
On August 16, 1938 the family moved to Sakhalin Suzuki Kikuko (small city in Japan), before leaving they asked council Mannen-ji Buddhist temple in the prefecture of Hokkaido to keep Kikuko doll. Priest in the Temple, confirmed that the doll's hair continues to elongate, although it continues to cut it regularly, but the hair continues to elongate.
After the war ended, the family returned to the temple for pilgrimage. And they began to realize that the doll's hair has been elongated to reach the knee. However, before the last one left at the temple Okiku dolls, doll's hair was very short (like a bob cut.) The family eventually ask the monks to pray for the soul of the doll. And the doll was named Okiku.
Since that day, Mannen-ji temple held a hair-cutting ceremony for Okiku each of 21 in certain months. And the ceremony was still going on until now.
Reportedly, the visitors who made a pilgrimage to the shrine to see the Dolls Okiku often see the doll's eyes blink to them. Another oddity that happens is that since World War II, the doll's mouth is rumored to open little by little.
17 BONEKA TERSERAM DI DUNIA
Inilah 17 Boneka Terseram Yang Bisa Memicu Fobia pada Boneka (Pediophobia)
1. CHUCKY DOLL
For those of you penggermar widescreen movies, it should already be familiar with the figure of this creepy horror dolls, you definitely know him. He is Chucky, there areseveral film series, starring the doll this horror among Child's Play, Bridge of Chucky,Seed Of Chucky, and others.
Dolls are famous through this film is a doll that was possessed by the spirit of thisfamous serial killers have no fear.
Bagi Anda penggermar film layar lebar, mestinya sudah tidak asing lagi dengan sosok boneka horor yang menyeramkan ini, anda pasti mengenalnya. Dialah Chucky, ada beberapa serial film yang dibintangi si boneka horor ini diantaranya Child’s Play, Bridge of Chucky, Seed Of Chucky dan lainnya.
Boneka yang terkenal lewat film ini merupakan boneka yang dirasuki oleh arwah pembunuh berantai ini terkenal tidak punya rasa takut.
2. DEMONIC TWINS
Twin dolls are rumored to have supernatural abilities. Because the person who dreamed it could menggentanyangi.
Boneka kembar ini diisukan memiliki kemampuan gaib. Karena bisa menggentanyangi orang yang memimpikannya.
3. KILLER DOLLY
This doll looks like it had been out of a horror movie set. Face the strange addawesomeness of this doll. Maybe some parents do not allow their children play with thisdoll.
Boneka ini tampak seperti habis keluar dari sebuah set film Horror. Wajah yang aneh menambah keangkeran terhadap boneka ini. Mungkin tidak ada orang tua yang mengijinkan anaknya bermain dengan boneka ini.
4. HELMA GERMAN DOLL
This doll is actually only for sale in Germany: € 399 ($ 600)
Boneka ini sebenarnya hanya untuk dijual di Jerman: € 399 ($ 600)
5. SCARY MARY
Imagine this doll woke up next to you. Not sure what happened with the right eye that looks different but to me it looks like some kind of spirit possessed by darkness.
Bayangkan boneka ini bangun di samping Anda. Tidak yakin apa yang terjadi dengan itu mata kanannya yang terlihat berbeda tapi bagiku terlihat seperti itu dimiliki oleh beberapa jenis roh kegelapan.
6. FANCY A CUDDLE
His doll looks like this was after he was found in a basement, very scary teeth.
Boneka ini sudah terlihat seperti ini setelah ditemukan di sebuah ruang bawah tanah, giginya sangat menyeramkan
7. DOLL ABUSE
This doll looks very very creepy, "keen eye makes the hair on my arms and legs tingled" said the owner of the doll. But there is no clear information about these dolls.
Boneka ini terlihat sangat amat menyeramkan, "mata yang tajam membuat bulu lengan dan kakiku bergetar" kata pemilik boneka. Namun tidak ada keterangan yang jelas mengenai boneka ini.
8. GERMAN DOLL
"This is a 10-inch doll wrestler, and this is one of the scariest doll I have seen all year.And I really do not understand why he was wearing only a pair of socks and boots" said the owner of these dolls.
“Ini adalah boneka pegulat 10-inch, dan ini adalah salah satu boneka yang paling menakutkan , saya telah melihat sepanjang tahun. Dan saya benar-benar tidak mengerti mengapa dia hanya memakai sepasang kaus kaki dan sepatu boot” ujar pemilik boneka tersebut.
9. NEGRO DOLL
Perhaps these dolls look scary because of the color of his skin. These dolls of different ages and slightly racist. It's scary to think that the doll is accepted by mainstreamconsumers.
Mungkin boneka ini terlihat seram karena warna kulitnya. boneka ini dari usia yang berbeda dan sedikit rasis. Itu menakutkan untuk berpikir bahwa boneka tersebut diterima oleh konsumen mainstream.
10. BURNT BABY DOLL
Although I know this is a doll, this doll looks tetaapi gripping life, because it has eyesand a sly smile. To the extent that the owner asked for this doll was taken away far away.
Meskipun saya tahu ini adalah boneka, tetaapi boneka ini terlihat mencekam kehidupan, karena memiliki mata dan senyum yang licik. Sampai-sampai si pemilik minta untuk boneka ini dibawa pergi jauh-jauh.
11. DISCARDED DOLL
These dolls are usually used by the owner of the doll to terrorize the people who interfere with the owner of the doll.
Boneka ini biasanya digunakan oleh si pemilik boneka untuk meneror orang-orang yang menggangu si pemilik boneka.
12. BUTCHERED BABY DOLL
According to the source of this doll has been eating a lot of casualties.
Menurut sumbernya boneka ini sudah memakan banyak korban.
13. DOWN SYNDROME DOLL
According to sources no one knows the reason why these dolls are made and honest a few employees who make this doll was so very frightened.
Menurut sumber tidak ada yang tahu alasannya kenapa boneka ini dibuat dan jujur beberapa pegawai yang membuat boneka ini merasa sangat amat ketakutan.
14. TRILOGY OF TERROR DOLL
In 1975, this doll is committed to being a puppet stabbing, murder and the victims whodrowned in the Oscar nominations Trilogy of Terror. Make sure you do not remove thechain or you may end next victim.
Pada tahun 1975, boneka ini berkomitmen menjadi boneka penusukan, pembunuhan dan korban yang tenggelam di nominasi Oscar Trilogy of Terror. Pastikan Anda tidak menghapus rantai atau Anda mungkin akhirnya korban berikutnya.
15. OKIKU DOLL
This doll comes from Japan that reportedly can grow her own hair, Having studiedforensic experts, the doll's hair turned out really Okiku real hair! artificial hair is notnormally used for dolls.
Boneka ini berasal dari Jepang yang kabarnya bisa menumbuhkan rambutnya sendiri, setelah diteliti ahli forensik, rambut boneka Okiku ternyata benar-benar rambut asli anak berusia 10 tahun! bukan rambut buatan yang biasanya dipakai untuk boneka
16. VOODOO DOLL
These dolls are usually used by shamans for witchcraft.
Boneka ini biasanya digunakan para dukun untuk guna-guna.
17. JENGLOT
Several years ago, around late 1997, suddenly there was a "creature" is so mysteriousconversation. Small stature with a body no more than 12 cm and his long hair, rare andstiff through the legs. The creature was called Jenglot. Reportedly, Jenglot it's notinanimate objects. It is said that he was alive, but no one ever knows when to move.
There is still a dispute if this is real people that shrink or just a doll.
There is still a dispute if this is real people that shrink or just a doll.
Beberapa tahun lalu, sekitar akhir tahun 1997, tiba-tiba saja ada “makhluk” misterius yang jadi pembicaraan. Perawakannya kecil dengan tubuh tak lebih dari 12 cm dan rambutnya yang panjang, jarang dan kaku melewati kaki. Makhluk itu dinamakan jenglot. Kabarnya, jenglot itu bukan benda mati. Konon ia hidup, namun tak ada yang pernah tahu kapan bergerak.
Masih ada perseteruan kalau ini beneran orang yang menyusut atau cuma boneka.
Itulah beberapa boneka yang menyeramkan, tapi keanehan-keanehan dari boneka tersebut memang tidak masuk akal, tapi sangat menyeramkan sampai merindiing
Senin, 30 Mei 2011
Fakta Unik Tentang Indonesia
Unique Facts About Indonesia
Together with his companions stayed up late preparing the draft manuscript proclamation in the house of Admiral Maeda.
"Pating greges", complained Bung Karno after doctors rebuilt his favorite. Then the blood flowed and downing pills chinineurethan intramusculair chinine bromine. Then he slept again.
At 09.00, Bung Karno awakened. White spruce and white and meet her friend, Bung Hatta. Exactly at 10.00, both proclaimed the independence of Indonesia from the porch of the house.
"So brothers and sisters! We all have freedom!", Said Bung Karno in front of a handful of true patriots patriots. They then sang the national anthem while waving the flag of red and white heritage. After the brief ceremony, Bungk Karno back to her bedroom. Still feverish. But a revolution has begun ...
Indonesia's Independence Proclamation Ceremony was held without a protocol, no corps music, no conductor and no pancaragam. Flagpole was made from bamboo stems are rough, and planted just a few minutes before the ceremony. But that's, fact which happened in a ceremony that sekaral-awaited for more than three hundred years!
43 years after independence, Indonesia has a first minister who is really "indigenous Indonesian people." Because all the previous ministers were born before August 17, 1945. That means, they never became citizens of the Netherlands East Indies and / or occupation of Japan, because the state law of the Republic of Indonesia does not yet exist at that time.
"The speaker of Indonesia's first" the minister was Ir Akbar Tanjung (born in Sibolga, North Sumatra, 30 August 1945), as Minister of Youth and Sport at the V Development Cabinet (1988-1993).
According to the Proclamation of August 17, 1945, Borneo is an integral part of Indonesian territory. In fact, the most unique island in the world. On the island, there are 3 heads of state who ruled! President Suharto (4 regions ruled province), Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad (Sabah and Sarawak) and Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah (Brunei).
Relations between Indonesia and the Hollywood revolution, indeed close. Every June 1, is always celebrated as the Day of Birth of Pancasila during President Sukarno.
In 1956, the event was "almost by chance" is celebrated in a Hollywood hotel.
Bung Karno was invited legendary actress, Marilyn Monroe, for a dinner at the Hotel Beverly Hills, Hollywood. Present among them Gregory Peck, George Murphy and Ronald Reagan (25 years later became U.S. President). What is unique from the party ahead of the Birthday of Pancasila, it is folly Marilyn in terms of protocol. At the party, Maryln Bung Karno greeted not with "Mr President" or "Your Excellency", but with the "Prince of Soekarno!"
There is another close relationship between 17 August and Hollywood. Title of speech August 17, 1964, "Year Perilocoso Vivere" (Years Full Danger), has been used as the title of a movie The Year of Living Dangerously. The film tells pegalaman a foreign journalist in Indonesia in the 1960s. In 1984, a movie starring Mel Gibson that got the Oscar for foreign movie category!
The original manuscript text of the Proclamation of Independence of Indonesia which was handwritten by Bung Karno and Bung Hatta dictated by, was never held and stored by the Government! Surprisingly, it precisely historical manuscripts stored properly by the journalist BM Diah. Diah found the draft proclamation is in the trash at the house of Admiral Maeda, August 17, 1945 early morning, after being copied and typed by Sajuti Melik.
On May 29, 1992, Diah submit the draft to President Soeharto, after saving for 46 years 9 months 19 days.
When he arrived in the Port of Sunda Kelapa noon July 9, 1942, Sukarno issued a first comment is odd to hear. After serving and disposal by the Dutch exile outside Java, would not discuss the Bung Karno strategic struggle against colonialism. The problem is talking about, just about the piece suit!
"Cut your coat is wonderful!" Bung Karno's first comment about the double breast coat worn by former in-law, Anwar Tjikoroaminoto, who picked her up along with Bung Hatta and a handful of nationalist leaders.
Taste-taste in this world, only the founding fathers of Indonesia had a shower urine. When I got home from Dalat (Cipanasnya Saigon), Vietnam, August 13, 1945, with Sukarno Hatta, dr Radjiman Wedyodiningrat and Dr. Suharto (personal physician Bung Karno) fighter bomber boarded a double motor. On the way, Sukarno wanted to urinate, but there was no place. After thought, sought a way out for the desire that is not restrained it. Seeing the small holes in the wall plane, that's where his little Bung Karno release urination. Because the wind was so strong at all, bersemburlah urine and soaked it all passengers. Byuuur ...
Thanks to the lies, the events of August 17, 1945 Proclamation sacred can be documented and witnessed by us until now. When the Japanese army wanted to rob the negative images that perpetuate such an important event, Frans Mendoer, a photographer who recorded the moments of the proclamation, lie to them. She said it had no negative and already submitted to the Barisan Pioneer, a movement of struggle. Hearing the answer, the Japanese were outraged.
Though the film negatives were planted under a tree in the courtyard of King Asia Daily Office. After the Japanese left, the negative diafdruk and widely published to be enjoyed until now. How about being honest Mendoer in Japan?
This time, Bung Hatta, who lied for the sake of the proclamation. Time period of revolution, Bung Karno Bung Hatta ordered for assistance weapons to Jawaharlal Nehru. How to go to India was done in secret. Bung Hatta wearing a passport under the name "Abdullah, co-pilot."
Then he departed with a piloted aircraft Biju Patnaik, an industrialist who later became ministers in the cabinet of Prime Minister Morarji Desai. Bung Hatta treated very respectfully by Nehru and asked to meet Mahatma Gandhi. Hatta Nehru is an old friend since the 1920s and Gandhi knew the struggle Hatta.
After the meeting, Gandhi was told by Nehru that "Abdullah" is Mohammad Hatta. What Gandhi's reaction? He was furious to Nehru, because not told the truth. "You are a wild!" charismatic leaders said that the Nehru
When August 17 became the date of birth of Indonesia, precisely date the date of death to the originator of the pillars of Indonesia. On that date, the creator of the national anthem "Indonesia Raya", WR Soepratman (d. 1937) and the originator of Indonesian science, Herman van der Tuuk Neubronner (d. 1894) died.
Flag Red White and celebration of the seven teens is not the monopoly of Indonesia. Flag pattern similar to the flag of the Kingdom of Monaco and the mode of its independence day with the day the proclamation of the Republic of Gabon (a West African countries) of the free August 17, 1960.
Jakarta, Indonesia where diproklamasikannya independence and the city where the Bung Karno and Bung Hatta fight, do not provide sufficient benefits to commemorate the co-proclaimer Indonesia. Until this moment, no "Road Soekarno-Hatta" in the capital Jakarta. In fact, their names have never perpetuated for an object of any public facility building until 1985, when an airport was inaugurated by wearing their name.
Degree Proclaimers to Bung Karno and Bung Hatta, just the title given the people of Indonesia spoken to him for 41 years! Therefore, the new 1986 Permerintah proclaimer officially award to them.
If only proposal received Bung Hatta, Indonesia would have "more than two" proclaimer. The period following the Proclamation of Indonesian Independence concepts finished manuscript is prepared in the home of Admiral Maeda, Jl Imam Bonjol No. 1, Jakarta, Bung Hatta propose all those present at the meeting that day din signed text of the proclamation to be read out in the morning. But the proposal was rejected by Soekarni, a young man in attendance. The meeting was attended by Soekarno, Hatta and candidates who failed proclaimer: Achmad Soebardjo, Soekarni and Sajuti Melik.
"Huh, given the chance to make history not want to", grumbled Bung Hatta because his proposal was rejected.
Frontal struggle against the Dutch, was not only taken the lives of ordinary people, but also a cabinet minister RI. Supeno, Minister of Development and Youth in Hatta Cabinet, was the only Dutch minister who was shot dead.
A tip of the revolver, put into his mouth and blown up brutally by a Dutch soldier. Penetrating bullet hit his left temple. The incident occurred on February 24, 1949 morning at a place in Nganjuk, East Java. At that time, Soepeno and his aide was in the shower a waterfall shower.
There is no country in the world who have capital of up to three in a relatively short period of time. Between 1945 and 1948, Indonesia had 3 capital cities, namely Jakarta (1945-1946), Yogyakarta (1946-1948) and Bukittinggi (1948-1949).
Commander of the Indonesian National Army General Sudirman, the prnah in fact not an official position in the cabinet RI.
He never became Army Chief of Staff, Armed Forces Commander, even though the defense minister!
Puppet proved to have jinxed the symbol for the regime that ruled Indonesia. Imagine, in 1938-1939, the Government of the Netherlands East Indies via De Javasche Bank issued banknotes series of puppet people and in 1942, the Japanese defeated the Dutch East Indies collapsed.
In 1943, occupation of the Government of Japan issued a series of paper money and Gatotkoco Arjuna puppet and 1945, the Japanese were expelled from Indonesia by the Allies.
Paa, 1964, President Sukarno issued a new banknote series puppet with broken Rp 1 and Rp 2.5 and 1965 into the early collapse of his government following the events of G30S/PKI.
The first command when selected as President Sukarno of Indonesia's first president, not forming a cabinet or signed a decree, but calling for satay!
That was done on the way home, after being elected by acclamation as president. Incidentally on the road to meet a bare-chested and satay handyman nyeker (not barefoot).
"Satay chicken skewer fifty!", The command of President Sukarno.
Sate eaten with gusto, near a ditch that dirty. And that is, the first command to his people as well as the first party on his appointment as leader of 70 million more people than a large country that was only one day.
We already know, the relationship between the Bung Karno and the Netherlands are not intimate. But the Dutch never gave memories that will never be forgotten by Bun Karno.
Six days before Christmas 1948, the Dutch give Christmas presents on Sunday morning, when people want to go to church, a bomb that destroyed the roof of his kitchen. That day, December 19, 1948, the capital of Jogjakarta fall into the hands of Holland.
Sutan Sjahrir, former Prime Minister of the Republic of Indonesia first, to be an Indonesian who has the achievement of "extraordinary" and there will never be a match. When he died 1966 in Zurich, Switzerland, its status as political prisoners. But the time was buried in Jakarta a few days later, its status changed as a National Hero of Indonesia.
Fakta Unik Tentang Indonesia
Begadang bersama para sahabatnya menyusun konsep naskah proklamasi di rumah Laksamana Maeda.
"Pating greges", keluh Bung Karno setelah dibangunkan dokter kesayangannya. Kemudian darahnya dialiri chinineurethan intramusculair dan menenggak pil brom chinine. Lalu ia tidur lagi.
Pukul 09.00, Bung Karno terbangun. Berpakaian rapi putih-putih dan menemui sahabatnya, Bung Hatta. Tepat pukul 10.00, keduanya memproklamasikan kemerdekaan Indonesia dari serambi rumah.
"Demikianlah Saudara-saudara! Kita sekalian telah merdeka!", ujar Bung Karno di hadapan segelintir patriot-patriot sejati. Mereka lalu menyanyikan lagu kebangsaan sambil mengibarkan bendera pusaka Merah Putih. Setelah upacara yang singkat itu, Bungk Karno kembali ke kamar tidurnya. Masih meriang. Tapi sebuah revolusi telah dimulai...
Upacara Proklamasi Kemerdekaan Indonesia ternyata berlangsung tanpa protokol, tak ada korps musik, tak ada konduktor dan tak ada pancaragam. Tiang bendera pun dibuat dari batang bambu secara kasar, serta ditanam hanya beberapa menit menjelang upacara. Tetapi itulah, kenyataan yang yang terjadi pada sebuah upacara sekaral yang dinanti-nanti selama lebih dari tiga ratus tahun!
Setelah merdeka 43 tahun, Indonesia baru memiliki seorang menteri pertama yang benar-benar "orang Indonesia asli". Karena semua menteri sebelumnya lahir sebelum 17 Agustus 1945. Itu berarti, mereka pernah menjadi warga Hindia Belanda dan atau pendudukan Jepang, sebab negara hukum Republik Indonesia memang belum ada saat itu.
"Orang Indonesia asli" pertama yang menjadi menteri adalah Ir Akbar Tanjung (lahir di Sibolga, Sumatera Utara, 30 Agustus 1945), sebagai Menteri Negara Pemuda dan Olah Raga pada Kabinet Pembangunan V (1988-1993).
Menurut Proklamasi 17 Agustus 1945, Kalimantan adalah bagian integral wilayah hukum Indonesia. Kenyataannya, pulau tersebut paling unik di dunia. Di pulau tersebut, ada 3 kepala negara yang memerintah! Presiden Soeharto (memerintah 4 wilayah provinsi), PM Mahathir Mohamad (Sabah dan Serawak) serta Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah (Brunei).
Hubungan antara revolusi Indonesia dan Hollywood, memang dekat. Setiap 1 Juni, selalu diperingati sebagai Hari Lahir Pancasila semasa Presiden Soekarno.
Pada 1956, peristiwa tersebut "hampir secara kebetulan" dirayakan di sebuah hotel Hollywood.
Bung Karno saat itu mengundang aktris legendaris, Marylin Monroe, untuk sebuah makan malam di Hotel Beverly Hills, Hollywood. Hadir di antaranya Gregory Peck, George Murphy dan Ronald Reagan (25 tahun kemudian menjadi Presiden AS). Yang unik dari pesta menjelang Hari Lahir Pancasila itu, adalah kebodohan Marilyn dalam hal protokol. Pada pesta itu, Maryln menyapa Bung Karno bukan dengan "Mr President" atau "Your Excellency", tetapi dengan "Prince Soekarno!"
Ada lagi hubungan erat antara 17 Agustus dan Hollywood. Judul pidato 17 Agustus 1964, "Tahun Vivere Perilocoso" (Tahun yang Penuh Bahaya), telah dijadikan judul sebuah film The Year of Living Dangerously. Film tersebut menceritakan pegalaman seorang wartawan asing di Indonesia pada 1960-an. Pada 1984, film yang dibintangi Mel Gibson itu mendapat Oscar untuk kategori film asing!
Naskah asli teks Proklamasi Kemerdekaan Indonesia yang ditulis tangan oleh Bung Karno dan didikte oleh Bung Hatta, ternyata tidak pernah dimiliki dan disimpan oleh Pemerintah! Anehnya, naskah historis tersebut justru disimpan dengan baik oleh wartawan BM Diah. Diah menemukan draft proklamasi itu di keranjang sampah di rumah Laksamana Maeda, 17 Agustus 1945 dini hari, setelah disalin dan diketik oleh Sajuti Melik.
Pada 29 Mei 1992, Diah menyerahkan draft tersebut kepada Presiden Soeharto, setelah menyimpannya selama 46 tahun 9 bulan 19 hari.
Ketika tiba di Pelabuhan Sunda Kelapa 9 Juli 1942 siang bolong, Bung Karno mengeluarkan komentar pertama yang janggal didengar. Setelah menjalani pengasingan dan pembuangan oleh Belanda di luar Jawa, Bung Karno justru tidak membicarakan strategis perjuangan menentang penjajahan. Masalah yang dibicarakannya, hanya tentang sepotong jas!
"Potongan jasmu bagus sekali!" komentar Bung Karno pertama kali tentang jas double breast yang dipakai oleh bekas iparnya, Anwar Tjikoroaminoto, yang menjemputnya bersama Bung Hatta dan segelintir tokoh nasionalis.
Rasa-rasanya di dunia ini, hanya the founding fathers Indonesia yang pernah mandi air seni. Saat pulang dari Dalat (Cipanasnya Saigon), Vietnam, 13 Agustus 1945, Soekarno bersama Bung Hatta, dr Radjiman Wedyodiningrat dan dr Soeharto (dokter pribadi Bung Karno) menumpang pesawat fighter bomber bermotor ganda. Dalam perjalanan, Soekarno ingin sekali buang air kecil, tetapi tak ada tempat. Setelah dipikir, dicari jalan keluarnya untuk hasrat yang tak tertahan itu. Melihat lubang-lubang kecil di dinding pesawat, di situlah Bung Karno melepaskan hajat kecilnya. Karena angin begitu kencang sekali, bersemburlah air seni itu dan membasahi semua penumpang. Byuuur...
Berkat kebohongan, peristiwa sakral Proklamasi 17 Agustus 1945 dapat didokumentasikan dan disaksikan oleh kita hingga kini. Saat tentara Jepang ingin merampas negatif foto yang mengabadikan peristiwa penting tersebut, Frans Mendoer, fotografer yang merekam detik-detik proklamasi, berbohong kepada mereka. Dia bilang tak punya negatif itu dan sudah diserahkan kepada Barisan Pelopor, sebuah gerakan perjuangan. Mendengar jawaban itu, Jepang pun marah besar.
Padahal negatif film itu ditanam di bawah sebuah pohon di halaman Kantor harian Asia Raja. Setelah Jepang pergi, negatif itu diafdruk dan dipublikasi secara luas hingga bisa dinikmati sampai sekarang. Bagaimana kalau Mendoer bersikap jujur pada Jepang?
Kali ini, Bung Hatta yang berbohong demi proklamasi. Waktu masa revolusi, Bung Karno memerintahkan Bung Hatta untuk meminta bantuan senjata kepada Jawaharlal Nehru. Cara untuk pergi ke India pun dilakukan secara rahasia. Bung Hatta memakai paspor dengan nama "Abdullah, co-pilot".
Lalu beliau berangkat dengan pesawat yang dikemudikan Biju Patnaik, seorang industrialis yang kemudian menjadi menteri pada kabinet PM Morarji Desai. Bung Hatta diperlakukan sangat hormat oleh Nehru dan diajak bertemu Mahatma Gandhi. Nehru adalah kawan lama Hatta sejak 1920-an dan Gandhi mengetahui perjuangan Hatta.
Setelah pertemuan, Gandhi diberi tahu oleh Nehru bahwa "Abdullah" itu adalah Mohammad hatta. Apa reaksi Gandhi? Dia marah besar kepada Nehru, karena tidak diberi tahu yang sebenarnya. "You are a liar !" ujar tokoh kharismatik itu kepada Nehru
Bila 17 Agustus menjadi tanggal kelahiran Indonesia, justru tanggal tersebut menjadi tanggal kematian bagi pencetus pilar Indonesia. Pada tanggal itu, pencipta lagu kebangsaan "Indonesia Raya", WR Soepratman (wafat 1937) dan pencetus ilmu bahasa Indonesia, Herman Neubronner van der Tuuk (wafat 1894) meninggal dunia.
Bendera Merah Putih dan perayaan tujuh belasan bukanlah monopoli Indonesia. Corak benderanya sama dengan corak bendera Kerajaan Monaco dan hari kemerdekaannya sama dengan hari proklamasi Republik Gabon (sebuah negara di Afrika Barat) yang merdeka 17 Agustus 1960.
Jakarta, tempat diproklamasikannya kemerdekaan Indonesia dan kota tempat Bung Karno dan Bung Hatta berjuang, tidak memberi imbalan yang cukup untuk mengenang co-proklamator Indonesia. Sampai detik ini, tidak ada "Jalan Soekarno-Hatta" di ibu kota Jakarta. Bahkan, nama mereka tidak pernah diabadikan untuk sebuah objek bangunan fasilitas umum apa pun sampai 1985, ketika sebuah bandara diresmikan dengan memakai nama mereka.
Gelar Proklamator untuk Bung Karno dan Bung Hatta, hanyalah gelar lisan yang diberikan rakyat Indonesia kepadanya selama 41 tahun! Sebab, baru 1986 Permerintah memberikan gelar proklamator secara resmi kepada mereka.
Kalau saja usul Bung Hatta diterima, tentu Indonesia punya "lebih dari dua" proklamator. Saat setelah konsep naskah Proklamasi Kemerdekaan Indonesia rampung disusun di rumah Laksamana Maeda, Jl Imam Bonjol no 1, Jakarta, Bung Hatta mengusulkan semua yang hadir saat rapat din hari itu ikut menandatangani teks proklamasi yang akan dibacakan pagi harinya. Tetapi usul ditolak oleh Soekarni, seorang pemuda yang hadir. Rapat itu dihadiri Soekarno, Hatta dan calon proklamator yang gagal : Achmad Soebardjo, Soekarni dan Sajuti Melik.
"Huh, diberi kesempatan membuat sejarah tidak mau", gerutu Bung Hatta karena usulnya ditolak.
Perjuangan frontal melawan Belanda, ternyata tidak hanya menelan korban rakyat biasa, tetapi juga seorang menteri kabinet RI. Soepeno, Menteri Pembangunan dan Pemuda dalam Kabinet Hatta, merupakan satu-satunya menteri yang tewas ditembak Belanda.
Sebuah ujung revolver, dimasukkan ke dalam mulutnya dan diledakkan secara keji oleh seorang tentara Belanda. Pelipis kirinya tembus kena peluru. Kejadian tersebut terjadi pada 24 Februari 1949 pagi di sebuah tempat di Kabupaten Nganjuk , Jawa Timur. Saat itu, Soepeno dan ajudannya sedang mandi sebuah pancuran air terjun.
Belum ada negara di dunia yang memiliki ibu kota sampai tiga dalam kurun waktu relatif singkat. Antara 1945 dan 1948, Indonesia mempunyai 3 ibu kota, yakni Jakarta (1945-1946), Yogyakarta (1946-1948) dan Bukittinggi (1948-1949).
Panglima Besar Tentara Nasional Indonesia Jenderal Soedirman, pada kenyatannya tidak prnah menduduki jabatan resmi di kabinet RI.
Beliau tidak pernah menjadi KSAD, Pangab, bahkan menteri pertahanan sekalipun!
Wayang ternyata memiliki simbol pembawa sial bagi rezim yang memerintah Indonesia. Betapa tidak, pada 1938-1939, Pemerintah Hindia Belanda melalui De Javasche Bank menerbitkan uang kertas seri wayang orang dan pada 1942, Hindia Belanda runtuh dikalahkan Jepang.
Pada 1943, Pemerintah Pendudukan Jepang menerbitkan uang kertas seri wayang Arjuna dan Gatotkoco dan 1945, Jepang terusir dari Indonesia oleh pihak Sekutu.
Paa 1964, Presiden Soekarno mengeluarkan uang kertas baru seri wayang dengan pecahan Rp 1 dan Rp 2,5 dan 1965 menjadi awal keruntuhan pemerintahannya menyusul peristiwa G30S/PKI.
Perintah pertama Presiden Soekarno saat dipilih sebagai presiden pertama RI, bukanlah membentuk sebuah kabinet atau menandatangani sebuah dekret, melainkan memanggil tukang sate !!!
Itu dilakukannya dalam perjalanan pulang, setelah terpilih secara aklamasi sebagai presiden. Kebetulan di jalan bertemu seorang tukang sate bertelanjang dada dan nyeker (tidak memakai alas kaki).
"Sate ayam lima puluh tusuk!", perintah Presiden Soekarno.
Disantapnya sate dengan lahap dekat sebuah selokan yang kotor. Dan itulah, perintah pertama pada rakyatnya sekaligus pesta pertama atas pengangkatannya sebagai pemimpin dari 70 juta jiwa lebih rakyat dari sebuah negara besar yang baru berusia satu hari.
Kita sudah mengetahui, hubungan antara Bung Karno dan Belanda tidaklah mesra. Tetapi Belanda pernah memberikan kenangan yang tak akan pernah dilupakan oleh Bun Karno.
Enam hari menjelang Natal 1948, Belanda memberikan hadiah Natal di Minggu pagi, saat orang ingin pergi ke gereja, berupa bom yang menghancurkan atap dapurnya. Hari itu, 19 Desember 1948, ibu kota Yogyakarta jatuh ke tangan Belanda.
Sutan Sjahrir, mantan Perdana Menteri RI pertama, menjadi orang Indonesia yang memiliki prestasi "luar biasa" dan tidak akan pernah ada yang menandinginya. Waktu beliau wafat 1966 di Zurich, Swiss, statusnya sebagai tahanan politik. Tetapi waktu dimakamkan di Jakarta beberapa hari kemudian, statusnya berubah sebagai Pahlawan Nasional Indonesia.
Together with his companions stayed up late preparing the draft manuscript proclamation in the house of Admiral Maeda.
"Pating greges", complained Bung Karno after doctors rebuilt his favorite. Then the blood flowed and downing pills chinineurethan intramusculair chinine bromine. Then he slept again.
At 09.00, Bung Karno awakened. White spruce and white and meet her friend, Bung Hatta. Exactly at 10.00, both proclaimed the independence of Indonesia from the porch of the house.
"So brothers and sisters! We all have freedom!", Said Bung Karno in front of a handful of true patriots patriots. They then sang the national anthem while waving the flag of red and white heritage. After the brief ceremony, Bungk Karno back to her bedroom. Still feverish. But a revolution has begun ...
Indonesia's Independence Proclamation Ceremony was held without a protocol, no corps music, no conductor and no pancaragam. Flagpole was made from bamboo stems are rough, and planted just a few minutes before the ceremony. But that's, fact which happened in a ceremony that sekaral-awaited for more than three hundred years!
43 years after independence, Indonesia has a first minister who is really "indigenous Indonesian people." Because all the previous ministers were born before August 17, 1945. That means, they never became citizens of the Netherlands East Indies and / or occupation of Japan, because the state law of the Republic of Indonesia does not yet exist at that time.
"The speaker of Indonesia's first" the minister was Ir Akbar Tanjung (born in Sibolga, North Sumatra, 30 August 1945), as Minister of Youth and Sport at the V Development Cabinet (1988-1993).
According to the Proclamation of August 17, 1945, Borneo is an integral part of Indonesian territory. In fact, the most unique island in the world. On the island, there are 3 heads of state who ruled! President Suharto (4 regions ruled province), Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad (Sabah and Sarawak) and Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah (Brunei).
Relations between Indonesia and the Hollywood revolution, indeed close. Every June 1, is always celebrated as the Day of Birth of Pancasila during President Sukarno.
In 1956, the event was "almost by chance" is celebrated in a Hollywood hotel.
Bung Karno was invited legendary actress, Marilyn Monroe, for a dinner at the Hotel Beverly Hills, Hollywood. Present among them Gregory Peck, George Murphy and Ronald Reagan (25 years later became U.S. President). What is unique from the party ahead of the Birthday of Pancasila, it is folly Marilyn in terms of protocol. At the party, Maryln Bung Karno greeted not with "Mr President" or "Your Excellency", but with the "Prince of Soekarno!"
There is another close relationship between 17 August and Hollywood. Title of speech August 17, 1964, "Year Perilocoso Vivere" (Years Full Danger), has been used as the title of a movie The Year of Living Dangerously. The film tells pegalaman a foreign journalist in Indonesia in the 1960s. In 1984, a movie starring Mel Gibson that got the Oscar for foreign movie category!
The original manuscript text of the Proclamation of Independence of Indonesia which was handwritten by Bung Karno and Bung Hatta dictated by, was never held and stored by the Government! Surprisingly, it precisely historical manuscripts stored properly by the journalist BM Diah. Diah found the draft proclamation is in the trash at the house of Admiral Maeda, August 17, 1945 early morning, after being copied and typed by Sajuti Melik.
On May 29, 1992, Diah submit the draft to President Soeharto, after saving for 46 years 9 months 19 days.
When he arrived in the Port of Sunda Kelapa noon July 9, 1942, Sukarno issued a first comment is odd to hear. After serving and disposal by the Dutch exile outside Java, would not discuss the Bung Karno strategic struggle against colonialism. The problem is talking about, just about the piece suit!
"Cut your coat is wonderful!" Bung Karno's first comment about the double breast coat worn by former in-law, Anwar Tjikoroaminoto, who picked her up along with Bung Hatta and a handful of nationalist leaders.
Taste-taste in this world, only the founding fathers of Indonesia had a shower urine. When I got home from Dalat (Cipanasnya Saigon), Vietnam, August 13, 1945, with Sukarno Hatta, dr Radjiman Wedyodiningrat and Dr. Suharto (personal physician Bung Karno) fighter bomber boarded a double motor. On the way, Sukarno wanted to urinate, but there was no place. After thought, sought a way out for the desire that is not restrained it. Seeing the small holes in the wall plane, that's where his little Bung Karno release urination. Because the wind was so strong at all, bersemburlah urine and soaked it all passengers. Byuuur ...
Thanks to the lies, the events of August 17, 1945 Proclamation sacred can be documented and witnessed by us until now. When the Japanese army wanted to rob the negative images that perpetuate such an important event, Frans Mendoer, a photographer who recorded the moments of the proclamation, lie to them. She said it had no negative and already submitted to the Barisan Pioneer, a movement of struggle. Hearing the answer, the Japanese were outraged.
Though the film negatives were planted under a tree in the courtyard of King Asia Daily Office. After the Japanese left, the negative diafdruk and widely published to be enjoyed until now. How about being honest Mendoer in Japan?
This time, Bung Hatta, who lied for the sake of the proclamation. Time period of revolution, Bung Karno Bung Hatta ordered for assistance weapons to Jawaharlal Nehru. How to go to India was done in secret. Bung Hatta wearing a passport under the name "Abdullah, co-pilot."
Then he departed with a piloted aircraft Biju Patnaik, an industrialist who later became ministers in the cabinet of Prime Minister Morarji Desai. Bung Hatta treated very respectfully by Nehru and asked to meet Mahatma Gandhi. Hatta Nehru is an old friend since the 1920s and Gandhi knew the struggle Hatta.
After the meeting, Gandhi was told by Nehru that "Abdullah" is Mohammad Hatta. What Gandhi's reaction? He was furious to Nehru, because not told the truth. "You are a wild!" charismatic leaders said that the Nehru
When August 17 became the date of birth of Indonesia, precisely date the date of death to the originator of the pillars of Indonesia. On that date, the creator of the national anthem "Indonesia Raya", WR Soepratman (d. 1937) and the originator of Indonesian science, Herman van der Tuuk Neubronner (d. 1894) died.
Flag Red White and celebration of the seven teens is not the monopoly of Indonesia. Flag pattern similar to the flag of the Kingdom of Monaco and the mode of its independence day with the day the proclamation of the Republic of Gabon (a West African countries) of the free August 17, 1960.
Jakarta, Indonesia where diproklamasikannya independence and the city where the Bung Karno and Bung Hatta fight, do not provide sufficient benefits to commemorate the co-proclaimer Indonesia. Until this moment, no "Road Soekarno-Hatta" in the capital Jakarta. In fact, their names have never perpetuated for an object of any public facility building until 1985, when an airport was inaugurated by wearing their name.
Degree Proclaimers to Bung Karno and Bung Hatta, just the title given the people of Indonesia spoken to him for 41 years! Therefore, the new 1986 Permerintah proclaimer officially award to them.
If only proposal received Bung Hatta, Indonesia would have "more than two" proclaimer. The period following the Proclamation of Indonesian Independence concepts finished manuscript is prepared in the home of Admiral Maeda, Jl Imam Bonjol No. 1, Jakarta, Bung Hatta propose all those present at the meeting that day din signed text of the proclamation to be read out in the morning. But the proposal was rejected by Soekarni, a young man in attendance. The meeting was attended by Soekarno, Hatta and candidates who failed proclaimer: Achmad Soebardjo, Soekarni and Sajuti Melik.
"Huh, given the chance to make history not want to", grumbled Bung Hatta because his proposal was rejected.
Frontal struggle against the Dutch, was not only taken the lives of ordinary people, but also a cabinet minister RI. Supeno, Minister of Development and Youth in Hatta Cabinet, was the only Dutch minister who was shot dead.
A tip of the revolver, put into his mouth and blown up brutally by a Dutch soldier. Penetrating bullet hit his left temple. The incident occurred on February 24, 1949 morning at a place in Nganjuk, East Java. At that time, Soepeno and his aide was in the shower a waterfall shower.
There is no country in the world who have capital of up to three in a relatively short period of time. Between 1945 and 1948, Indonesia had 3 capital cities, namely Jakarta (1945-1946), Yogyakarta (1946-1948) and Bukittinggi (1948-1949).
Commander of the Indonesian National Army General Sudirman, the prnah in fact not an official position in the cabinet RI.
He never became Army Chief of Staff, Armed Forces Commander, even though the defense minister!
Puppet proved to have jinxed the symbol for the regime that ruled Indonesia. Imagine, in 1938-1939, the Government of the Netherlands East Indies via De Javasche Bank issued banknotes series of puppet people and in 1942, the Japanese defeated the Dutch East Indies collapsed.
In 1943, occupation of the Government of Japan issued a series of paper money and Gatotkoco Arjuna puppet and 1945, the Japanese were expelled from Indonesia by the Allies.
Paa, 1964, President Sukarno issued a new banknote series puppet with broken Rp 1 and Rp 2.5 and 1965 into the early collapse of his government following the events of G30S/PKI.
The first command when selected as President Sukarno of Indonesia's first president, not forming a cabinet or signed a decree, but calling for satay!
That was done on the way home, after being elected by acclamation as president. Incidentally on the road to meet a bare-chested and satay handyman nyeker (not barefoot).
"Satay chicken skewer fifty!", The command of President Sukarno.
Sate eaten with gusto, near a ditch that dirty. And that is, the first command to his people as well as the first party on his appointment as leader of 70 million more people than a large country that was only one day.
We already know, the relationship between the Bung Karno and the Netherlands are not intimate. But the Dutch never gave memories that will never be forgotten by Bun Karno.
Six days before Christmas 1948, the Dutch give Christmas presents on Sunday morning, when people want to go to church, a bomb that destroyed the roof of his kitchen. That day, December 19, 1948, the capital of Jogjakarta fall into the hands of Holland.
Sutan Sjahrir, former Prime Minister of the Republic of Indonesia first, to be an Indonesian who has the achievement of "extraordinary" and there will never be a match. When he died 1966 in Zurich, Switzerland, its status as political prisoners. But the time was buried in Jakarta a few days later, its status changed as a National Hero of Indonesia.
Fakta Unik Tentang Indonesia
Begadang bersama para sahabatnya menyusun konsep naskah proklamasi di rumah Laksamana Maeda.
"Pating greges", keluh Bung Karno setelah dibangunkan dokter kesayangannya. Kemudian darahnya dialiri chinineurethan intramusculair dan menenggak pil brom chinine. Lalu ia tidur lagi.
Pukul 09.00, Bung Karno terbangun. Berpakaian rapi putih-putih dan menemui sahabatnya, Bung Hatta. Tepat pukul 10.00, keduanya memproklamasikan kemerdekaan Indonesia dari serambi rumah.
"Demikianlah Saudara-saudara! Kita sekalian telah merdeka!", ujar Bung Karno di hadapan segelintir patriot-patriot sejati. Mereka lalu menyanyikan lagu kebangsaan sambil mengibarkan bendera pusaka Merah Putih. Setelah upacara yang singkat itu, Bungk Karno kembali ke kamar tidurnya. Masih meriang. Tapi sebuah revolusi telah dimulai...
Upacara Proklamasi Kemerdekaan Indonesia ternyata berlangsung tanpa protokol, tak ada korps musik, tak ada konduktor dan tak ada pancaragam. Tiang bendera pun dibuat dari batang bambu secara kasar, serta ditanam hanya beberapa menit menjelang upacara. Tetapi itulah, kenyataan yang yang terjadi pada sebuah upacara sekaral yang dinanti-nanti selama lebih dari tiga ratus tahun!
Setelah merdeka 43 tahun, Indonesia baru memiliki seorang menteri pertama yang benar-benar "orang Indonesia asli". Karena semua menteri sebelumnya lahir sebelum 17 Agustus 1945. Itu berarti, mereka pernah menjadi warga Hindia Belanda dan atau pendudukan Jepang, sebab negara hukum Republik Indonesia memang belum ada saat itu.
"Orang Indonesia asli" pertama yang menjadi menteri adalah Ir Akbar Tanjung (lahir di Sibolga, Sumatera Utara, 30 Agustus 1945), sebagai Menteri Negara Pemuda dan Olah Raga pada Kabinet Pembangunan V (1988-1993).
Menurut Proklamasi 17 Agustus 1945, Kalimantan adalah bagian integral wilayah hukum Indonesia. Kenyataannya, pulau tersebut paling unik di dunia. Di pulau tersebut, ada 3 kepala negara yang memerintah! Presiden Soeharto (memerintah 4 wilayah provinsi), PM Mahathir Mohamad (Sabah dan Serawak) serta Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah (Brunei).
Hubungan antara revolusi Indonesia dan Hollywood, memang dekat. Setiap 1 Juni, selalu diperingati sebagai Hari Lahir Pancasila semasa Presiden Soekarno.
Pada 1956, peristiwa tersebut "hampir secara kebetulan" dirayakan di sebuah hotel Hollywood.
Bung Karno saat itu mengundang aktris legendaris, Marylin Monroe, untuk sebuah makan malam di Hotel Beverly Hills, Hollywood. Hadir di antaranya Gregory Peck, George Murphy dan Ronald Reagan (25 tahun kemudian menjadi Presiden AS). Yang unik dari pesta menjelang Hari Lahir Pancasila itu, adalah kebodohan Marilyn dalam hal protokol. Pada pesta itu, Maryln menyapa Bung Karno bukan dengan "Mr President" atau "Your Excellency", tetapi dengan "Prince Soekarno!"
Ada lagi hubungan erat antara 17 Agustus dan Hollywood. Judul pidato 17 Agustus 1964, "Tahun Vivere Perilocoso" (Tahun yang Penuh Bahaya), telah dijadikan judul sebuah film The Year of Living Dangerously. Film tersebut menceritakan pegalaman seorang wartawan asing di Indonesia pada 1960-an. Pada 1984, film yang dibintangi Mel Gibson itu mendapat Oscar untuk kategori film asing!
Naskah asli teks Proklamasi Kemerdekaan Indonesia yang ditulis tangan oleh Bung Karno dan didikte oleh Bung Hatta, ternyata tidak pernah dimiliki dan disimpan oleh Pemerintah! Anehnya, naskah historis tersebut justru disimpan dengan baik oleh wartawan BM Diah. Diah menemukan draft proklamasi itu di keranjang sampah di rumah Laksamana Maeda, 17 Agustus 1945 dini hari, setelah disalin dan diketik oleh Sajuti Melik.
Pada 29 Mei 1992, Diah menyerahkan draft tersebut kepada Presiden Soeharto, setelah menyimpannya selama 46 tahun 9 bulan 19 hari.
Ketika tiba di Pelabuhan Sunda Kelapa 9 Juli 1942 siang bolong, Bung Karno mengeluarkan komentar pertama yang janggal didengar. Setelah menjalani pengasingan dan pembuangan oleh Belanda di luar Jawa, Bung Karno justru tidak membicarakan strategis perjuangan menentang penjajahan. Masalah yang dibicarakannya, hanya tentang sepotong jas!
"Potongan jasmu bagus sekali!" komentar Bung Karno pertama kali tentang jas double breast yang dipakai oleh bekas iparnya, Anwar Tjikoroaminoto, yang menjemputnya bersama Bung Hatta dan segelintir tokoh nasionalis.
Rasa-rasanya di dunia ini, hanya the founding fathers Indonesia yang pernah mandi air seni. Saat pulang dari Dalat (Cipanasnya Saigon), Vietnam, 13 Agustus 1945, Soekarno bersama Bung Hatta, dr Radjiman Wedyodiningrat dan dr Soeharto (dokter pribadi Bung Karno) menumpang pesawat fighter bomber bermotor ganda. Dalam perjalanan, Soekarno ingin sekali buang air kecil, tetapi tak ada tempat. Setelah dipikir, dicari jalan keluarnya untuk hasrat yang tak tertahan itu. Melihat lubang-lubang kecil di dinding pesawat, di situlah Bung Karno melepaskan hajat kecilnya. Karena angin begitu kencang sekali, bersemburlah air seni itu dan membasahi semua penumpang. Byuuur...
Berkat kebohongan, peristiwa sakral Proklamasi 17 Agustus 1945 dapat didokumentasikan dan disaksikan oleh kita hingga kini. Saat tentara Jepang ingin merampas negatif foto yang mengabadikan peristiwa penting tersebut, Frans Mendoer, fotografer yang merekam detik-detik proklamasi, berbohong kepada mereka. Dia bilang tak punya negatif itu dan sudah diserahkan kepada Barisan Pelopor, sebuah gerakan perjuangan. Mendengar jawaban itu, Jepang pun marah besar.
Padahal negatif film itu ditanam di bawah sebuah pohon di halaman Kantor harian Asia Raja. Setelah Jepang pergi, negatif itu diafdruk dan dipublikasi secara luas hingga bisa dinikmati sampai sekarang. Bagaimana kalau Mendoer bersikap jujur pada Jepang?
Kali ini, Bung Hatta yang berbohong demi proklamasi. Waktu masa revolusi, Bung Karno memerintahkan Bung Hatta untuk meminta bantuan senjata kepada Jawaharlal Nehru. Cara untuk pergi ke India pun dilakukan secara rahasia. Bung Hatta memakai paspor dengan nama "Abdullah, co-pilot".
Lalu beliau berangkat dengan pesawat yang dikemudikan Biju Patnaik, seorang industrialis yang kemudian menjadi menteri pada kabinet PM Morarji Desai. Bung Hatta diperlakukan sangat hormat oleh Nehru dan diajak bertemu Mahatma Gandhi. Nehru adalah kawan lama Hatta sejak 1920-an dan Gandhi mengetahui perjuangan Hatta.
Setelah pertemuan, Gandhi diberi tahu oleh Nehru bahwa "Abdullah" itu adalah Mohammad hatta. Apa reaksi Gandhi? Dia marah besar kepada Nehru, karena tidak diberi tahu yang sebenarnya. "You are a liar !" ujar tokoh kharismatik itu kepada Nehru
Bila 17 Agustus menjadi tanggal kelahiran Indonesia, justru tanggal tersebut menjadi tanggal kematian bagi pencetus pilar Indonesia. Pada tanggal itu, pencipta lagu kebangsaan "Indonesia Raya", WR Soepratman (wafat 1937) dan pencetus ilmu bahasa Indonesia, Herman Neubronner van der Tuuk (wafat 1894) meninggal dunia.
Bendera Merah Putih dan perayaan tujuh belasan bukanlah monopoli Indonesia. Corak benderanya sama dengan corak bendera Kerajaan Monaco dan hari kemerdekaannya sama dengan hari proklamasi Republik Gabon (sebuah negara di Afrika Barat) yang merdeka 17 Agustus 1960.
Jakarta, tempat diproklamasikannya kemerdekaan Indonesia dan kota tempat Bung Karno dan Bung Hatta berjuang, tidak memberi imbalan yang cukup untuk mengenang co-proklamator Indonesia. Sampai detik ini, tidak ada "Jalan Soekarno-Hatta" di ibu kota Jakarta. Bahkan, nama mereka tidak pernah diabadikan untuk sebuah objek bangunan fasilitas umum apa pun sampai 1985, ketika sebuah bandara diresmikan dengan memakai nama mereka.
Gelar Proklamator untuk Bung Karno dan Bung Hatta, hanyalah gelar lisan yang diberikan rakyat Indonesia kepadanya selama 41 tahun! Sebab, baru 1986 Permerintah memberikan gelar proklamator secara resmi kepada mereka.
Kalau saja usul Bung Hatta diterima, tentu Indonesia punya "lebih dari dua" proklamator. Saat setelah konsep naskah Proklamasi Kemerdekaan Indonesia rampung disusun di rumah Laksamana Maeda, Jl Imam Bonjol no 1, Jakarta, Bung Hatta mengusulkan semua yang hadir saat rapat din hari itu ikut menandatangani teks proklamasi yang akan dibacakan pagi harinya. Tetapi usul ditolak oleh Soekarni, seorang pemuda yang hadir. Rapat itu dihadiri Soekarno, Hatta dan calon proklamator yang gagal : Achmad Soebardjo, Soekarni dan Sajuti Melik.
"Huh, diberi kesempatan membuat sejarah tidak mau", gerutu Bung Hatta karena usulnya ditolak.
Perjuangan frontal melawan Belanda, ternyata tidak hanya menelan korban rakyat biasa, tetapi juga seorang menteri kabinet RI. Soepeno, Menteri Pembangunan dan Pemuda dalam Kabinet Hatta, merupakan satu-satunya menteri yang tewas ditembak Belanda.
Sebuah ujung revolver, dimasukkan ke dalam mulutnya dan diledakkan secara keji oleh seorang tentara Belanda. Pelipis kirinya tembus kena peluru. Kejadian tersebut terjadi pada 24 Februari 1949 pagi di sebuah tempat di Kabupaten Nganjuk , Jawa Timur. Saat itu, Soepeno dan ajudannya sedang mandi sebuah pancuran air terjun.
Belum ada negara di dunia yang memiliki ibu kota sampai tiga dalam kurun waktu relatif singkat. Antara 1945 dan 1948, Indonesia mempunyai 3 ibu kota, yakni Jakarta (1945-1946), Yogyakarta (1946-1948) dan Bukittinggi (1948-1949).
Panglima Besar Tentara Nasional Indonesia Jenderal Soedirman, pada kenyatannya tidak prnah menduduki jabatan resmi di kabinet RI.
Beliau tidak pernah menjadi KSAD, Pangab, bahkan menteri pertahanan sekalipun!
Wayang ternyata memiliki simbol pembawa sial bagi rezim yang memerintah Indonesia. Betapa tidak, pada 1938-1939, Pemerintah Hindia Belanda melalui De Javasche Bank menerbitkan uang kertas seri wayang orang dan pada 1942, Hindia Belanda runtuh dikalahkan Jepang.
Pada 1943, Pemerintah Pendudukan Jepang menerbitkan uang kertas seri wayang Arjuna dan Gatotkoco dan 1945, Jepang terusir dari Indonesia oleh pihak Sekutu.
Paa 1964, Presiden Soekarno mengeluarkan uang kertas baru seri wayang dengan pecahan Rp 1 dan Rp 2,5 dan 1965 menjadi awal keruntuhan pemerintahannya menyusul peristiwa G30S/PKI.
Perintah pertama Presiden Soekarno saat dipilih sebagai presiden pertama RI, bukanlah membentuk sebuah kabinet atau menandatangani sebuah dekret, melainkan memanggil tukang sate !!!
Itu dilakukannya dalam perjalanan pulang, setelah terpilih secara aklamasi sebagai presiden. Kebetulan di jalan bertemu seorang tukang sate bertelanjang dada dan nyeker (tidak memakai alas kaki).
"Sate ayam lima puluh tusuk!", perintah Presiden Soekarno.
Disantapnya sate dengan lahap dekat sebuah selokan yang kotor. Dan itulah, perintah pertama pada rakyatnya sekaligus pesta pertama atas pengangkatannya sebagai pemimpin dari 70 juta jiwa lebih rakyat dari sebuah negara besar yang baru berusia satu hari.
Kita sudah mengetahui, hubungan antara Bung Karno dan Belanda tidaklah mesra. Tetapi Belanda pernah memberikan kenangan yang tak akan pernah dilupakan oleh Bun Karno.
Enam hari menjelang Natal 1948, Belanda memberikan hadiah Natal di Minggu pagi, saat orang ingin pergi ke gereja, berupa bom yang menghancurkan atap dapurnya. Hari itu, 19 Desember 1948, ibu kota Yogyakarta jatuh ke tangan Belanda.
Sutan Sjahrir, mantan Perdana Menteri RI pertama, menjadi orang Indonesia yang memiliki prestasi "luar biasa" dan tidak akan pernah ada yang menandinginya. Waktu beliau wafat 1966 di Zurich, Swiss, statusnya sebagai tahanan politik. Tetapi waktu dimakamkan di Jakarta beberapa hari kemudian, statusnya berubah sebagai Pahlawan Nasional Indonesia.
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